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A Leader of Character
 
A Leader of Character

A Leader of Character

Student Handout

PROGRAM GUESTS



Sam Donaldson
first came to the attention of many Americans with his relentless questioning of Presidents Carter and Reagan as ABC's White House correspondent. A 29-year veteran of ABC News, he is one of the pillars of the network's award-winning news team, co-anchor of Prime Time Live, frequent anchor of the ABC Nightly News and permanent fixture on This Week, the Sunday morning political discussion program.

Gerhard Casper, Ph.D., is President of Stanford University. As a child in Hamburg, Germany, he survived Allied bombing raids, hiding in basements. He first came to the United States at age 16, as West Germany's representative to an international student conference. He went on to earn law and doctorate degrees in Germany and a Master's degree in Yale. He taught at UC Berkeley for two years at the height of the student protest movement, then moved to the University of Chicago, where he became Dean of the Law School and then Provost of the University. He developed a reputation as an extraordinary teacher and, in 1992, was designated the ninth president in Stanford's illustrious history. He immediately "boosted morale beyond political controversies and focused attention on teaching and research."

Antonia Novello, M.D., was the Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service, and is the conscience of the nation's health establishment. Dr. Novello grew up in a small town in Puerto Rico. She struggled with chronic illnesses throughout her childhood, never knowing a year without a hospital stay. Dr. Novello's triumph over her illnesses instilled in her a profound compassion and "the dream of becoming a doctor for the little kids in my hometown." Later, as a teenager, Dr. Novello did not tell her mother that she applied to medical school until after she was admitted "because of deep fear of failure." She graduated from the University of Puerto Rico Medical School in 1970, and earned a master's in public health from Johns Hopkins University, where she also completed her training in pediatric nephrology. Dr. Novello joined the National Institutes of Health as deputy director of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. As deputy director, Dr. Novello was responsible for the coordination of pediatric AIDS research. This inspiring physician and administrator was sworn in as the nation's 14th Surgeon General, the first woman and the first Hispanic ever to hold that position. Dr. Novello has launched major campaigns addressing the special problems of America's youth, overseeing the health of an entire "generation at risk."

Judith Rodin, Ph.D., is the President of the University of Pennsylvania, the first woman ever to preside over an Ivy League university. After attending Penn herself as an undergraduate, Rodin earned a doctorate in psychology at Columbia University. From teaching psychology at Yale, she rose to become head of the Psychology Department, then Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. She was serving as Provost of Yale when she was nominated to head her alma mater. She has shattered the "glass ceiling" that had shut women out of top positions in the Ivy League.

BACKGROUND


For centuries, civilization has looked to its leaders for guidance. Some historical figures have led by example, others by persuasion. Most historians would agree that moral authority is a component of leadership in a popular movement or in a democratic government. The guest speakers in this program have differing definitions of character in leadership. Should a leader's private conduct be taken into consideration when judging a leader's effectiveness, or are the private and public realms completely separate?

FOCUS QUESTIONS:


After watching the program, respond to these questions either by writing in your personal journal or through discussion in a small group of your fellow students.

  • Each guest presents a different defintion of character in leadership. Which panelist do you most agree with and why?
  • What figure from history best matches your definition of a leader of character?
  • What public figure today best matches your definition of a leader of character?

CAREER CORNER


School to Work Transition
Public service offers a myriad of career opportunities for people with a variety of talents, skills and abilities. Here are some examples. Pick one that interests you and explore it as a career possibility. What does the person do on a daily basis? What educational background and work experience is necessary? Where is the work done? What are the rewards? You may be surprised by what you find!

  • City Planner
  • Documentary Filmmaker1
  • Economist
  • Educator
  • Family Counselor
  • Fund-raiser
  • Journalist
  • Legislator
  • Lobbyist
  • Military
  • Minister
  • Public Defender
  • Social Worker
  • Symphony Conductor

INTERNET SOURCES


l. Research the backgrounds of the guest speakers by using internet search services like Yahoo, Webcrawler, or Excite. Simply key in the guest's name and hit enter. Do the search results differ between browsers? Which one provided the most useful information? Report your findings to the class.

2. Do a web search on the subject of "leaders." What problems are encountered with this search? How many entries were found? What kind of subcategories turned up? What was the best piece of information found and why? What decisions did you make to narrow the search? Share your findings with the class.

WHAT MAKES A LEADER?


1. Choose a figure from history whom you would most readily identify as a leader of character (e.g., Martin Luther King, Jr., Gandhi, Winston Churchill, George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Cesar Chavez, Susan B. Anthony, Mary McLeod Bethune, Corazon Aquino). What characteristics contribute to the moral authority of this individual? Why do some people consider this person a leader of character? What barriers/obstacles did this leader overcome? How long did it take for this person to reach leadership status?

2. Pick a contemporary public figure (Bill Clinton, Nelson Mandela, Vaclav Havel, Pope John Paul II, Jesse Jackson) and apply the process described above to the character's image. How do your historical figure and the contemporary public figure compare?

3. List ten leaders and the contribution each made to society.

LEADERSHIP BY EXAMPLE


Do leaders influence the lives of high school students? If so, in what ways? Have leaders, past or present, influenced your life? If so, in what ways?

Select a segment from a song, a poem, an advertisement, and/or a quote to illustrate the influence leaders have on your life. Could this become your personal motto?

CAREER CORNER: School to Work Transition


Public service offers a myriad of career opportunities for people with a variety of talents, skills and abilities. Here are some examples. Pick one that interests you and explore it as a career possibility. What does the person do on a daily basis? What educational background and work experience is necessary? Where is the work done? What are the rewards? You may be surprised by what you find!

  • City Planner
  • Documentary Filmmaker
  • Economist
  • Educator
  • Family Counselor
  • Fund-raiser
  • Journalist
  • Legislator
  • Lobbyist
  • Military
  • Minister
  • Public Defender
  • Social Worker
  • Symphony Conductor

Tom Selleck is one of the most popular television and motion picture actors in the world. He attended USC on a basketball scholarship and later began his career at 20th Century-Fox studios where he spent ten years learning his craft in small roles. Then, after seven previous pilots had not sold, he switched to Universal Studios, and played a charming private investigator, Thomas Magnum in "Magnum, P.I." The show took off the moment it aired in 1980, catapulting him into international stardom. He later became the first performer to successfully appear in films while still in a TV series, starring in five films, including the blockbuster "Three Men and a Baby." He has earned an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award and the selection as America's Favorite Male Television Performer.

Frank J. Sulloway, Ph.D., is Historian of Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and author of one of the most important treatises in the history of the social sciences. A summa cum laude graduate of Harvard, he became fascinated with evolutionary theory. He traveled to the Galápagos Islands to study finches and pored over Darwin's original manuscripts in England. Puzzled by the nature of Darwin's genius, he began reading Freud. He soon uncovered, through a remarkable series of detective-like reconstructions, how psychoanalysis arose when Freud, strongly influenced by the Darwinian biology of his time, substituted an evolutionary for a physiological model of the mind. His book Freud, Biologist of the Mind, transformed contemporary understanding of Freud and sparked intense debate. Sulloway spent the next two decades gathering data on thousands of people involved in historical controversies and running statistical tests to see what sets rebels apart from reactionaries. His recent landmark book, Born to Rebel, suggest that birth order plays a major role in determining personality and social outlook, a daring hypothesis that offers conclusive evidence that the family, with its powerful interpersonal dynamics, is a cauldron fro the great revolutionary advances that drive historical change.

William Julius Wilson, Ph.D., is Professor of Social Policy at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, and the nation's preeminent authority in poverty and the inner city. He grew up poor in Western Pennsylvania. His father died of lung disease, leaving his mother, a coal miner's widow, to raise six children. While government assistance provided a lifeline from desperation, his aunt instilled in him the importance of ambition and creativity. Attending college on a small scholarship from his church, he earned a doctorate in sociology and went on to teach at the University of Chicago for 24 years. He is the author of two seminal books, The Declining Significance of Race, (which ignited a philosophical debate about race and class that resonates today) and The Truly Disadvantaged, an analysis of the breakdown of family life in the inner city. These studies have brought him acclaim as the most distinguished analyst of the origins of the black underclass. This extraordinary scholar was spotlighted by Time magazine as "one of the most influential leaders in America. He is a leader of President Clinton's task force on race relations.

Bob Woodward is Assistant Managing Editor of the Washington Post and the most famous investigative reporter in America. With fellow Post reporter Carl Bernstein, Woodward's dogged pursuit of the Watergate break-in story, in the face of a White House cover-up, led to the resignation of President Nixon and forever altered the relationship of government and the press in this country. He is the author or co-author of seven number one non-fiction best-sellers, including All the Presidents' Men, The Brethren, Veil, The Commanders and The Agenda. He has received every major journalism award, including the Pulitzer Prize.