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What is a Hero?
 
What is a Hero?

What is a Hero?

Student Handout

PROGRAM GUESTS



JUDY BLUME
At high school Judy Blume made her first appearance as a writer and became a features editor of her high school paper. She went to New York University, intending to become a second grade teacher, but following her third year of college, married John Blume, an attorney. (They are now divorced.) On graduation Judy Blume was expecting her first child and her daughter Randy was born in 1961, followed by her son Larry. She was busy taking care of her family until her son, Larry, went off to nursery school. She then realized that she needed something else in her life: creative work. It was about this time that she began to write. Judy had always loved to read novels but she remembered that during adolescence, she could not find the kinds of books she wanted to read. Books about real people with real feelings. This is why she later set out to write the kinds of children's books that she had wanted to read. Judy decided to return to New York University and took a course, one day a week in creative writing for children. She found that this provided much needed encouragement. It was during this time that things happened fast: She sold several short stories to magazines. Her first children's novel was published in serial form and her first picture book was accepted for publication.
From then on she could not stop. She had so much to share that one book followed another.
It is not surprising then, that Judy Blume continues to be regarded as America's number one children's fiction writer, topping the bestsellers lists. Even now, Judy still receives over 2,000 letters each month from her worldwide admirers.

J. BRUCE LLEWELLYN
J. Bruce Llewellyn was born in Harlem. His parents immigrated to America from Jamaica and they were highly motivated people. When he left the Army, he opened a retail store in Harlem, which he operated while he attended school. He earned a bachelor's degree from the City University of New York, and he received his juris doctor from New York Law School in 1960. He also managed to find the time to earn an MBA degree at Columbia University as well as a degree in public administration from New York University. As a young African-American in the 1960s, Mr. Llewellyn turned to government and politics, feeling those avenues would offer him a better chance for career advancement. He worked in the District Attorney's office and at the same time, was a partner in his own small law firm. In 1965, he became regional director of the Small Business Administration. Then he moved on the city's Housing and Redevelopment Board. But it was at the SBA that Mr. Llewellyn noticed there were opportunities opening up for blacks in the business world. He was determined to take advantage of this. Then, in 1969, his chance came. Mr. Llewellyn bought the Fedco Foods Corporation, a chain of ten food stores in the South Bronx. Other buyers had shied away from the potentially lucrative business because it was located in an economically devastated section of the city. By mortgaging his house and selling all that he owned, Mr. Llewellyn was able to buy Fedco through a leveraged buyout. By 1983, Fedco had become the nation's largest minority owned retail business.

N. SCOTT MOMADAY, Ph.D.
As a boy, N. Scott Momaday often visited his grandparents in Oklahoma. His grandfather, Mammedaty whose name means "sky walker" was a "peyote man" who, according to Momaday, "saw things that other men do not see." Aho, his grandmother, had attended the last Kiowa sun dance in the late 1880s. She often described that final ritual to her grandson. " [She] had a reverence for the sun, a holy regard that now is all but gone out of mankind. There was a wariness in her, and an ancient awe. She was a Christian in her later years, but she came a long way about, and she never forgot her birthright." Despite those constant reminders of his Indian heritage, Momaday, like many American children, dreamed of becoming a cowboy.
After attending schools on Navajo, Apache, and Pueblo reservations in the Southwest, Momaday enrolled at the University of New Mexico. An excellent student, he took prizes in public speaking and creative writing and obtained his degree in political science. Momaday taught school on the Jicarilla Apache reservation for a year before entering Stanford University as a graduate student in literature.
Momaday, who views the interest in Indian folklore as a linguistic antidote to the deterioration of the American language, is committed to preserving in print the oral traditions of countless tribes. "Language is original and powerful in itself," he explained. "By using words, man can describe the world. We have failed in our time to articulate the beauty of the world, for we have failed to perceive that the world is beautiful." To correct that cultural myopia, he suggested a revival of the "landword ethic" of the native American who "perceives the world around him" and "celebrates his possession of it."

TOM SELLECK
Tom Selleck is one of the most popular television and motion picture actors in the world. He attended USC on a basketball scholarship and later began his career at 20th Century-Fox studios where he spent ten years learning his craft in small roles. Then, after seven previous pilots had not sold, he switched to Universal Studios, and played a charming private investigator, Thomas Magnum in "Magnum, P.I." The show took off the moment it aired in 1980, catapulting him into international stardom. He later became the first performer to successfully appear in films while still in a TV series, starring in five films, including the blockbuster "Three Men and a Baby." He has earned an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award and the selection as America's Favorite Male Television Performer.

BACKGROUND


For centuries, civilization has looked to its heroes for guidance. The ancient Greeks, who lived in communities with unified goals and ideals, had clearly defined heroes who were motivated by a sense of duty and the desire to achieve "arete" or excellence. Arete was exemplified by living a life of balance, harmony and moderation.

Modern American society, however, is a mixture of diverse and often conflicting interests. The American dream is tied to monetary success which is displayed through excess rather than moderation, sacrifice or virtue. There is no one clear voice which models a life of excellence. In fact, the concept of hero may be an historical artifact that imposes insurmountable obligations on the famous citizens of our mass media society. Is it possible for a president to be both a leader and a fallible human being? What are the obligations of a movie star? In addition, careers are increasingly specialized and focused. Are the role models of excellence different for a surgeon, a lawyer, a teacher, an athlete, a business person, or a film director? And of particular importance is the question of who bears the responsibility to instill models of excellence into our children.

Exploring the subject of contemporary American heroes and role models, this ATV round table discussion brings together student leaders from high schools across the United States and a distinguished panel: Judy Blume, J. Bruce Llewellyn, N. Scott Momaday, Tom Selleck, Sid Sheinberg, and Herschel Walker.

FOCUS QUESTIONS:


After watching the program, respond to these questions either by writing in your personal journal or through discussion in a small group of your fellow students.

  • Each guest presents a different idea of the definition and role of a hero. Which panelist do you agree with and why?
  • Summarize the discussion about the responsibility of the school. Do you agree? Why or why not?
  • How does your favorite character from literature or film match up with the qualities of a hero?

THE COUNCIL OF HEROES: A CLASS PROJECT


The act of honoring another person is a significant event. It effects not only the one being honored, but, perhaps most importantly, deep changes can occur in the person doing the honoring. Truly respecting someone means knowing and understanding his/her qualities and sacrifices he/she has made. With understanding comes awe and wonder of one's potential as a human being. However, acts of obeisance and veneration in modern society are rare. Even the meanings of those words are not commonly known. This activity focuses on the act of honoring local heroes and role models.

Under the guidance of your teacher, transform your class into a council or academy whose purpose is to provide recognition of local heroes and/or role models. You may want to do the following:

  • Elect a chairperson and conduct council business by following Robert's Rules of Order.
  • Determine a name for the council and its award.
  • Write a mission statement for the council. It may be necessary to write a constitution.
  • Determine the criteria for the award.
  • Determine who will be eligible for the award: students, faculty, school employees and/or community members.
  • Design a selection process. For example, divide the class into small groups of 4 students each. Have each group nominate a candidate for the award. It would be the responsibility of each nomination committee to write a narrative justifying the excellence of its candidate. Each committee could develop a campaign promoting its nominee. Eventually, the entire council or class would vote in a secret ballot.
  • Design the award. Will it consist of a certificate? A trophy like the Oscar? A gift certificate? A cash award? A scholarship?
  • Establish a partnership with a local business or service group to provide financial assistance. Or establish a council community service program to raise the necessary funds.
  • Create an award ceremony. This could be simple or elaborate including a guest speaker, special music, and decorations.
  • Arrange for news media coverage.
  • Celebrate with a reception for the guest of honor.
  • Evaluate the process. How could it be improved or expanded?
  • Finally, conduct a personal assessment. Rate yourself against the criteria to be a hero that your class developed. Are you eligible for the award? What awards or honors would you like to win during your lifetime? Develop a strategy to attain them.

THE MYTHOLOGICAL HERO


N. Scott Momaday urges that it is important to think about heroes in mythic terms.

  • Compare and contrast heroes from different mythological sources - i.e. compare Beowulf with Ulysses.
  • Find out who the mythological heroes are from Africa, China, India and South America.
  • Question: Do the various mythological heroes have messages or lessons for the twenty-first century?
  • An excellent source: Campbell, J. (1949). The Hero With a Thousand Faces. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

CAREER CORNER:


Career choices sometimes seem complex and difficult, but role models abound for people with a variety of talents, skills and abilities. While the twenty-first century will offer a myriad of opportunities not yet imagined, guidance can be found in the biographies of people who have experienced the struggle. A small sampling is listed below. Read or view a biography of someone who interests you. What qualities make him/her a good role model? What career choices did he/she face? What educational background and work experience did he/she have? What were the sacrifices? What were the rewards? You may be surprised by what you find!

  • Maya Angelou
  • Neil Armstrong
  • Erma Bombeck
  • Jimmy Carter
  • Bill Gates
  • Betty Ford
  • Jane Goodall
  • Whoopi Goldberg
  • Stephen Jay Gould
  • Helen Hayes
  • Michael Jordan
  • Helen Keller
  • Loretta Lynn
  • Mickey Mantle
  • Wynton Marsalis
  • Collin L. Powell
  • Carl Sagan
  • Jonas Salk
  • Twyla Tharp
  • Barbara Walters

SURFING THE INTERNET


Begin to explore the Internet by trying one or more of the sites listed below:

PROGRAM GUESTS (Cont'd)



SID SHEINBERG
Born in Corpus Christi, Texas, Sid Sheinberg attended elementary and high school as well as junior college there. During this time he developed a fascination for radio, so it is not surprising that he found his way into that broadcast medium as an announcer on three South Texas stations. In 1952, he entered Columbia College. Completing a four-year course in three years, he returned to the University of Texas in 1955 and enrolled in law school there. Although Sheinberg was second in his class at Texas Law School, in 1956 he decided to return to Columbia Law School and finish his legal education. During his last two years Sheinberg found himself listed as one of the top five graduates of his class and the winner of both the Harlan Fiske Stone and the James Kent Scholarship Awards for excellence in law. In the summer of 1958, he arrived in California where he accepted a position at the UCLA Law School. While awaiting the results of the California Bar Examination, Sheinberg joined the legal department of Revue Productions. Sheinberg serves on the National Board of the National Conference of Christians and Jews and is a member of the Board of Trustees of Pitzer College. In 1981, Sheinberg received Columbia College's John Jay Award for Distinguished Professional Achievement. In 1982, he received the American Jewish Committee's Human Relations Award. He was the 1983 recipient of the National Conference of Christians and Jews Humanitarian Award, and received the Motion Picture Pioneers 1984 Pioneer of the Year Award. He also received the AIDS Project Los Angeles Commitment to Life Award in 1991.

HERSCHEL WALKER
Herschel Walker was born in Augusta, Georgia and grew up outside of Wrightsville, Georgia. For the first eleven years of his life, Herschel Walker showed little interest in sports; he preferred reading books and writing poetry. At age 12, however, he began a crash exercise program. Over the next year, he did 100,000 push-ups, 100,000 sit-ups and sprinted almost half a million miles. In high school, Walker played football and basketball and competed in track and field. He scored a record-breaking 85 touchdowns as a running back and led his teams to state championships in both football and track, while maintaining an A average. Herschel Walker participated in the 1980 Academy of Achievement program as the valedictorian of his class and the most sought-after high school football player in the nation. At the University of Georgia, Walker set an NCAA freshman rushing record and helped capture the national collegiate football title. Her earned consensus All-American honors three consecutive years, set 10 NCAA records, 15 Southeast Conference records, 30 Georgia all-time records, and capped a sensational college career by earning the 1982 Heisman Trophy in his junior year. In 1983, Walker gave up his final year of collegiate eligibility and turned professional, joining the New Jersey Generals of the short-lived United States Football League. Walker dominated the league, earning Most Valuable Player honors and setting the single-season pro football rushing record (2411 yards). After his first pro season, he finished his Bachelor of Science degree in Criminal Justice at the University of Georgia. Walker joined the Dallas Cowboys in 1986, where he led the entire NFL in rushing and earned All-Pro honors. Walker moved to the Minnesota Vikings as starting running back in 1989. In 1992, he joined the Philadelphia Eagles football team, but returned to the Dallas Cowboys in 1996. Herschel Walker has worked with numerous charitable and educational organizations. In 1981, he became the first Academy of Achievement honor student to return to the annual program as a recipient of the Golden Plate Award.